The era of metal in Dong Nai - Part III

​     Brass phase ( early Millenium II - first I Millenium B.C )

     The number of monuments of this period are located pretty much : 91 points , according to district boundaries - into existing distributed mostly in Vinh Cuu - Thong Nhat ( 30 points ) and Xuan Loc - Long Khanh ( 18 points ) . Also, Bien Hoa ( 8 points ) , Tan Phu - Dinh Quan ( 16 points ) and Long Thanh - Nhon Trach ( 18 points ) .

     However, the current excavations and reconnaissance on a large scale is very limited . Here, only the ruins are introducing the best research and contains relics of ancient culture is considered the most special period of history is important .

     - In the red hills located in Xuan Loc Basalt - Long Khanh , Dong Nai resident period after Iron Bridge serial traditional village set on a hillside - red mound and airy fertile coastal streams have water flowing throughout the year , with the largest colony area , gathered vestiges residence , which traces still allow setting up the size of each area of ​​the village is not losing a Vietnamese village now: 1 - 2 ha . In the area of rubber plantations, ancient Hang Gon , E. Saurin explored vestiges " village " so only within the 10 km2 , with traces of ancient culture are quite similar as hoes , axes - four or chisel or shoulder quadrangle , table ware, tools with a blade or sharp nose , thin stripped , worn card format charms , rings jewelery , ceramic bullet or piece of broken pot , cups , bowls held, lid ... The most important sites in this cluster are Mountain Pottery ( or Hang Gon 1 ) .

     Mountain Pottery ( 12004'00 '' N - 106051'08 '' E ) located in Lot 72 - Rubber Co. Xuan Loc , Tan Xuan , Xuan Loc ( Long Khanh district today ) , the town of Xuan Loc nearly 10 km , by L. Malleret detect the red dirt hills located between shady streams and springs were later bulldozed rubber plantation in 1960 . Then , E. Saurin survey recorded traces of ancient culture spanning 350 x 150 m on 250 m high slopes and excavations in the central hill emergency . He earned 6 ax or quadrilateral plays and wastes , 1 scraper , 1 wedge-shaped tool , grinding table 1 , 1 pestle grinding , grinding 11 tables and 4 grooved sandstone molds for casting axes or round pin gripe . Baked pottery firm here , has smooth reddish-brown mantle , usually pieces of pots , plates, bowls , bowl . The author compares the relics Mountain Pottery with Mlu Prey , Somrong Sen ( Cambodia ) , Tran Ninh ( Laos ) , Dong Son and Sa Huynh , and analyzed a mixed ceramic charred plant residues in the nuclear research center Saclay 's collection dating results : 3950 ± 250 years ago . After 1975, the Dong Nai Museum staff , KCH Centre - Institute KCHVN and some Japanese scientists were being investigated repeatedly Mountain Pottery , antiques collecting more stones ( 3 axes molding materials and semi-finished products , 8 ax quadrilateral or four plays , 1 chisel , 1 knife , 2 grinding grooves table ) , 1 pencil grid earthenware , pottery 4 rounds with some of your pieces , vases or small disk splayed mouth . Some researchers Hang Gon age of 1 year only 3,000 compared molds and pottery here with Hang Gon Dau 1 or 9 ; many others dating back support that ancient E. Saurin confirmed.

     Also vestige Hang Gon , in the Xuan Loc - Long Khanh also recorded cluster sites around Iron Bridge , located in Xuan Phu - Binh - Truong Xuan ( Xuan Binh , Hill Jackfruit , Mango Hill , Dau 3 , Tan Lap , Lap Thanh, human life ... ) . The range at each point of the relics spread throughout most of the hillside slope along streams to 1-3 ha ( as Mango Hill Wind Three streams , springs Jeta Hill Mit ) but not thick accumulation . Most notably in the cultural layer 3 hole Recon Dong Nai Museum , KCH Center and the Museum of Vietnam History from 5-1979 Hill Rally ( Binh ) deep to 1.25 to 1.4 m . Even on the sites , the archaeologists and museum school has collected many stone materials - ceramic familiar of this region : 97 stone with 64 picks , 3 chisels , grinding 27 tables , 2 baseball crushed , 1 badges and pieces Mit Duke Hill , 65 stone with 52 four axes , two huge shoulder blade grinding , 5 chisels , knives 4 pickers and scrap supplies in Binh Xuan ; 3 axes shoulder and quadrilateral , 2 opaque , crushed 1 goal in Mango Hill ; 6 picks - four axes in human life , with many pieces of furniture construction characteristics of the Dong Nai . Chronology for the whole team remains were estimated in the first half of TNK II tr.CN.

     - In the area of ​​inter- Tan Phu district - Dinh Quan , the archaeological sites discovered along the banks of Dong Nai 2 or along small streams ( Lu , Rop , Nhan , Tre , Bung ... ) in the valley between the coronary supply Basalt hills of red soil area Tri An hydropower reservoir has flooded . At 11 sites , the archaeologists and museum learned 21 four axes , 2 hoes , 1 key , 1 piece 12 goals grinding and arms ... Accumulation of traces ancient pottery relics in some very thin ( only about 0.2 to 0.5 m in the hole in Ben Nom reconnaissance , under the Prosperity Three Hill ) proved the existence of the ancient living in Tri valley about dating in 4000 - 3000 years ago . Apart from Tri An reservoir , notably ruins of Phu Loc , was discovered in 1986 , when workers in Dong Nai Museum and Center KCH - KCHVN Institute of Observational investigation , noted cultural layer thickness from 0.3 to 0 , 4 m wide 3 hectares located along streams Society and collect up to 4 large hoe , ax 85 quadrilateral or four plays , 19 or an opaque material , pick 5 knives , 21 table with 4 abrasive grinding ring , 3 bracelet complete or finished products . Stone Relics Phu Loc Binh pretty similar to relics Spring Hill Jackfruit and Mango Hill , is capable of early metal period in Dong Nai .

     - In the area of ​​inter-district Thong Nhatoutside the scope point of Tri An reservoir as described ( pressure vessel , IIA Cay Gao , red hills , Ban Ban Springs , Spring Nhan , Rop Stream , Stream Tre , Long Waterfall , Waterfall Trau , Vam Poetry , the remaining sites are usually located on the slopes of red earth hilly link Basalt - ancient alluvial river banks along 2 Be - Dong Nai and tributaries , forming traditional residence follow rivers - streams , with more favorable conditions for the settlement of the long neck . Besides the collection of relics collected in Bau Ca , clay pots ( Thien Tan ) , Dai An , Gia Tan , Saving Tan , Long An , Lourdes II , Mount Cui , Song , Song Ray , highway 25 ( hoes , axes four , chisels , knives of stone , copper axes , pottery ) ; these important sites have been discovered along the river's edge, Baby - Dong Nai river from adjacent positions in the red area , and exploitation Reunification of Tri An ancient Dong Nai river estuary ( Hung Thinh , Vo Dong , Song May , Spring Centipede , Trang Le Force or Hill Hill Non ... ) .

     Sites flourishing ( 10054'54 '' N - 107008'56 '' E ) is located along the Southern edge of the hill near the left bank of the stream Sacrament in the red soil area of forest hill covered Basalt on ancient alluvial sandy white clay is gray , belongs Hung Loc ( Unified ) from Dau Giay 3 km to the south . Di Nguyen Van Su only be detected from 11-1977 , and the last two surveys by KCH Center , Dong Nai Museum , the Museum Institute 1-1978 , has recorded two neck area residents with a 150m apart region has an area of ​​100 x 20 m = 2000 m2 and deep cultural layer from 0.6 to 0.7 m wide and the other 50 x 30 m = 1500 m2 but less than ceramics can be made ​​where the stone . Relics collected 39 specimens included : 17 ax hoe plays , 2 key , pick 1 knife , 1 disc-shaped object , 18 grinding table , stripped and broken pottery pieces . In addition to its own characteristics ( ax hoe 1 shoulder , ceramic stone powder mix ) , close to Hung Thinh Dong Nai other relics of fabrication techniques and types of artifacts may exist Mountain Pottery is equivalent to about 4000 - 3500 years ago .

     Sites near the open reading nacelles and control teams Tan , Tan commune, Gia ( Thong Nhat ) also distributed into two regions , separated by about 500m along forest streams , due to the geology student discovered from 11-1983 , Dong Nai Museum staff and KCH Center 4 -1984 reconnaissance survey and collected four axes 6 , 3 chisels , grinders 5 goals , 1 pestle grinding , 2 pieces of arms , including 1 special molds in sa ax agar and 1 co- ax type and size . Sites dating to the late second - early TNK TNK I tr.CN.

    Sites Centipede Springs area resident is also very large , stretching from the spring to the village Betel Centre covering the areas of Tan Lap Z302 and State Farm , the town of Trang Bom 9-10 km . The North Stream Centipede , Dong Nai Museum staff and over 2 times KCH Center survey from 1983 to 1984 detected 1 hoe , ax 16 four , 4 chisels , 1 baseball crusher , grinding tables 5 and crude pottery . In South Stream Centipede ( hovering just above 2.5 km ) in area of ​​residence to 6 ha , scientists dug 4 holes spaced reconnaissance 5-20 m and detect the thick neck 0.6 storey residence - 0.8 m of relics collection includes 26 original four axes or animal waste , 3 chisels , 5 piece duke , 1 stone flaking , 1 pestle grinding , grinding 24 tables , 2 character molds regimen sandstone , ceramic and many coarse similar to the above point .

     Places May River located in Ho Nai , has uneven surface topography by many Basalt stones , with a system of low hills surrounded . This is the area where many small streams flow down the first branch of the Dong Nai River East Rach , how cold fork springs 1.5 km and 8 km from Bui Chu northwest . Monuments by Mr. Vu Duc Thanh ( Dong Nai Department of Irrigation ) detection and Dong Nai Museum staff , KCH Center survey 4-1983 . Under the new sediment layer is neck deep cultural layer from 0.7 to 1.5 m were devastated by the May River irrigation , only artifacts : 1 hoe , ax four gripe 8 , 1 straight chisel blades .

     Relic Apparel ( Hill Le ) located on low coastal hillside on the left bank of Dong Nai , near vertical side opposite the right bank of the shore , an area of ​​about 200 x 50 m = 1000 m2 , the People's Committee of Tan An ( Eternal ) 6 km to the southeast , by Mr. Tran Thanh Long discovered 4-1996 Dong Nai Museum and donated 25 axes , chisels , knives of stone , ceramic float with the first few feet of fossil samples . From 5-1996 to 3-1997 , Dong Nai Museum staff , KCH Center , University of Social Sciences and Humanities Hanoi has conducted surveys and collected three more times : four 61 axes , 37 chisels , knives 3 pick , 2 baseball crusher , Duke 97 pieces , 61 stone scrap and scrap engine , 30 table top using concave grinding with 1-4 items , including 5 special axes throat mold inspection personnel decorated with two horizontal lines body ( 1 chisel to create a still unfinished castings ) . Pottery has 22 float mushroom with special knob or hollow , cylindrical ingots 1 , 1 foot array fire oven . Le broken pottery scattered across wide Hill 3 ha lot like ceramic Stream Linh, Binh Da . This is only one cell - an important craft workshops , with existing artifacts and stratigraphy materials will serve as a basis for clarifying the issue of dating Iron Bridge , Stream Spirit and relics in the first half of TNK II tr.CN.

    Non Monuments Hill sits atop a high hill near the confluence Baby - Dong Nai , located in Lam Hieu Liem , Eternal , by center staff KCH , Dong Nai Museum , Ho Chi Minh City University of synthetic detection 3-1985 . On the surface of the hill had been bulldozed vegetation cover , the survey team collected 18 objects within disk-shaped outline , character sketches that paragraph 10 and 55 core ring sizes . These are relics of special importance in nature 1 1 factory specializing in manufacturing the types of products unique bracelet with technological processes produce handcrafted techniques from drill core split 1-2 as an advance the contemporary moment . This workshop was a history dating to guess about 2500 or the first half of TNK I tr.CN.

    - In the area of Bien Hoa city , many prehistoric artifacts have been collected concerning the location Brick Fireplace , Mountain Land , Mountain Go Paper , Tam Hiep Hung , Ben Wood ... that there could be some years in the collection called Bien Hoa , still in the possession of museums in Vietnam and France ( Toulouse , Saint Gremain - en - Laye , Cernuschi ) . The French collection by many ( D. Grossin , Loesh , F.Bathere , J.Chenieux , L.Malleret , O.Janse , Dumoutier G. , H. Maspero , Beylié ... ) collected at Bien Hoa was very many : In Hanoi there are four axes 129 , 1 tomorrow , 13 chisels , 1 awl , 1 knife , 2 rings , 1 table grinding , In the City . HCM has 56 kinds hoes , considered close to the kind shaped Mountain Pottery , of the early bronze age , about 3,500 years ago . The research sites are the best in Bien Hoa Binh Da, Go Me and Cu Lao Pho .

    Cu Lao Pho is the largest islet called 1 between Dong Nai River in southwest of Bien Hoa , Phuoc Vinh front of the upper sum , this is Hiep Hoa commune , known from the L. Malleret moved to Saigon Museum 2 stone axes by Binh Hoa Village People gave him . After 1975, the Dong Nai Museum staff and many times KCH Center survey , evaluation findings on Cu Lao street people , collect more 2 stone axes and pottery little rough . In particular , 10-1984 , stamens village people dig your planting detect 1 round-bottomed ceramic containing copper ax blade 3 large decorative 1-2 only horizontal stems . All 3 axes are co- Nguyen Duy Pi ( TTKCH ) analysis at KCH Engineering Department , Institute of historians of science Adecbaigian Academy results : Cu + Sn ; They characterized Dong Nai ax , but the blade width 's own unique Cu Lao Pho , dating between Millenium I can AD ?

     Monuments Go Me ( 10057'00'B - 106050'33 '' E ) in the Thong Nhat Ward , Bien Hoa from 1 km to the southeast , by Mr. Tran Hieu Thuan detected late 1981. In the survey of 1982 - 1984 Museum of Dong Nai , KCH Center , City University of synthesis . HCM , scientists dug 5 holes in surveillance and thick cultural layer from 0.4 to 0.5 m , they obtained 55 stone , including : four 15 axes , 4 chisels , grinding 22 tables , 11 pieces stripped , 2 piece arm , 1 piece of rock just above Binh Da ( size : 10x11x2 , 2cm ) . Pottery teams will have 1 fiber , 4 rounds , pour 1 cup very similar round-bottomed copper cups copper pour Ban Nadi (Thailand ) and 200 -piece containers ( trays hold both legs ) . Mobile Me Go is considered the residence - craft workshops proximity type monuments - ancient relics with Binh Da village and vertical , dating from the second half of the Millenium II B.C.

     In 1670 Stone had 15 picks , four axes 762 , 114 chisels , 1 scraper , 7 knives , weapons spearhead 1 , 92 baseball grinding , grinding table 251 with 1 round using grinder . And 23 unidentified objects . 7 pieces of arms and character sketches , 295 pieces stripped and waste , particularly paragraph 51 bar above the stone floor , the first time to explore the ancient culture . Terracotta items include : 49 rounds , 101 horrible round , 85 foot piece oven , ceramic ingots with holes 2 , 3 piece pot , add 1 bottle shaped figure , 2 -bottomed jars , 4 disc anxious and hundreds of thousands of pieces of container - burning - eating , with no little piece ribbed shoulder , incised writing or coloring characteristic of Binh Da . Also interesting one vertebra can strap hole drilling , food protein remains in the " menu " is rich Binh Da neck . Only in the smallest pits ( 60m2 ) , archaeologists have collected about 1.5 kg and 16.5 kg teeth the bones of many animals live in many different ecological environments as : Bibos cf.gaurus - min ; Bubalus bubalis - buffalo , banteng Bos - bison , Sus scrofa - wild boar ; Muliacus muntiac - roe deer , Cervus sp - deer , Rusa unicolor - deer ; Elephan sp - elephant ; Rhinocetidae sp - rhino ; Chelonia sp - turtle .

     To date , monuments and relics Binh Da was the basis for a series of works published in and outside the country , attracting the interest of many scientists around the world to Dong Nai . Overall, the number of objects of the two massive excavations , ancient Binh Da village , next to the vertical at the right bank of the Dong Nai River and The Van - Ban Silver estuary where sea access , qualified of 1 " town " center basin of Dong Nai river Delta metal era . This is the first neighborhoods of residence - stone processing factory to serve the needs of agriculture and traditional crafts have a long development process , but the character of the ancient village of Binh majority of their time in Europe Dong Nai 's territory farmers - local craftsmen invented the ice forum here . For the first time in three decades of rock seeking man , thanks Binh Da , we firmly believe in dating ancient instrument of its kind and the Southern Highlands this unique concerns and research institutions not only technical work represents the intrinsic creative , talented hands of " the master of rock ' Dong Nai , but also the lives of their culture - where rock music " unprecedented " rise and flow in history . The ancient village of Binh Binh Da Da and above stone has its own monograph 1983, with 1 C14 dating of one sample from the original fire 1.9 m deep by the Academy of German scientists in Berlin for evaluation of results: 3180 ± 50 years ago . This famous ancient village can be started up and maintained from the second half of the first half of Millenium II I B.C.

     - In the area of ​​Long Thanh - Nhon Trach , stone artefacts , copper or broken pottery are often discovered along the banks of major rivers and streams in Dong Nai branch in left or right bank of Long Tan , Long An , An Hoa as Bau , Ben Wood , Royal Village , Spring Tangerine , Nguyen Phuoc , Phuoc My , Phuoc Long , Phuoc Tan ...

     The most famous of this group is the only portable Phuoc Tan . This ancient village is situated on a low hill ( 25 m ) in the right bank tributary leaves the chamber, together Basalt hills of red soil in Dong Nai eventually spread north east - west cross Highway 51 at km 42-43 ± 300 , located in leprosy treatment area ( Long List ) . Tan Phuoc known since 1969, thanks to the Sisters of St. Vincent De Paul worked in nursing homes for H.Fontaine informed about the " lightning rod " gathering here . Continuously from 1969 - 1975 , H. Fontaine and many of the vestiges of this more than 30 times , announced the discovery in 2596 to the 615 -piece stoneware containers most typically found at a depth of 0.2 to 0.5 m above ground red or reddish-brown soil Basalt rocks adjacent background . Tan Phuoc relics are diverse , including four complete ax 1960 or sketches - dozens of types of wastes with different sizes , 176 opaque , 6 large knives and knife picking 14 , 24 tip darts , 2 pestle grinding or stone chair, table 8 seed crushing , grinding table 258 , 4 massage tables , 2 large pieces of round disc , one talisman badges format . Also 2 rounds , Tan Phuoc ceramic piece is usually of a round-bottomed pot , bowl , bowl and cup soles flared crimps . Collection of Phuoc Tan is a massive increase of 2,604 target , thanks to the re-inspection of Dong Nai Museum and Center KCH after 1975 , not to mention the dozens of " lightning rod " people retain Phuoc Tan while digging 3m deep water prevented land grab irresponsibility and 1 round copper artifacts discovered by one female student lying at a depth of 10-12 cm from surface fields . In the original publication , H. Fontaine is ranked sites in Neolithic times , after considering it in the context of South Vietnam and the region , he used the name Phuoc Tan group known monument in Bien Hoa 1 on general culture that at least one department this great culture in the new era brass , dating 3500 - 3000 and earlier , in the context of brass furniture began to develop in South Vietnam from TNK II tr.CN. Overall, the age and era of Tan Phuoc H. Fontaine expertise is widely recognized , but the name " Culture Phuoc Tan " , some researchers are not so typical as the name " Turtle Cu Lao Culture " , " Culture wharf " , " culture vertical " or more generally " Dong Nai culture " ...

     Also on the team monuments , relics formed along the low-lying mangrove banks of the Thi Vai and tributaries bring dense populated regions of the ancient mangrove ecosystem approach of the South China Sea . The neck is pretty often take advantage of the high promontory popular riverside alluvial streams , especially where adjacent Long Thanh - Nhon Trach ( He Go In , Vung Gam - Phuoc An River hamlet Keo - Vinh Thanh ... ) , but most of intellect put into conquest marshes , estuaries , door springs , floating isles between the mangroves . Appearance of the ancient village is so focused on exploring Long Phuoc and Long Life (now consolidated into Phuoc Tho ) such as The Great Wall , The Tomb , Rach leaves , Ben births , Lighthouse State , Temple She Eight , The Lighthouse sun , Dry Tree ...

     Be best studied in this group are now relics valve . The Great Wall sites ( 10042'B - 106058'D ) 3 hamlet of Phuoc Tho (also carries many names as Van Cai , Cai Gold , Van Trees , Cai Hamlet ) , the flat sandy area , located along the Sac forest edge to the characteristics of the Thi Vai River delta often influenced by monsoon winds , tides and river mixed accumulation - the sea . Di only pole position of the sub- region , close to the main branch of the Dong Nai River ( Nhon Trach ) 13.5 km west , 30 km from Bien Hoa to the north - northwest , from 8 km to the Long List South . The Great Wall is known for a long time , thanks to Prof. published . E.T. Hamy in 1887 , after many scientists about Vietnam and foreign recent study , collected hundreds of stone - ceramic artifacts of all kinds .

     Sites are Dong Nai Museum , KCH Centre , Museum and School LSVN Hanoi University of excavations 2 times in 4-1978 and 5-1996 with a total area of ​​218 m2 , cultural layer thickness detection from 0.5 to 0.9 m to 1.2 to 1.6 m spread in many different areas of residence . 2072 Union obtained all stone , ceramic , including : 42 hoes , axes 656 and 459 four- piece blades , 4 blades evil , 44 chisels , rasps and knife harvester 36 , 16 pestle grinding , 1 teacher , 1 amulet worn , only 1 stone shed , grinding table 257 , two better than the one who flaked , 154 pieces separated - Duke , 486 stone materials - scraps, especially sandstone specimen is 16 molds ax , ax cast - complete hook or therapy - animal waste . Metal furniture : 1 teacher , 1 ax and 3 pieces of copper slag . Earthenware team will get 1 fiber , 78 rounds , 28 round horrible , 1 molds axes , 32 buttons float , foot kitchen and 47 022 pieces 784 pieces all types of containers and materials . The most notable results obtained from pits between islet Rach Mr. Joy is the organic material preserved in good condition are considered ideal for archaeologists . Also interesting bones ( cattle , deer horns , elephant tooth ) , also includes material refined from the sap , oil and shells of seeds for vegetable protein ( seeds Ko - nia ) , and especially the 92 piles - board floor, 282 items wooden star shaped , red brake shoe or tap include: Search , transparent nets , spearhead or knife ... Search , and 2074 is the template of scrap materials or workers The old carpentry Van . Overall survival analysis of material obtained from The Great Wall is evidence of the relative activities of living in the echo of a time domain system of mangroves along the Thi Vai River . This is the appearance of a village left " fishing - farming - commercial " sized , with 2 C14 dating expertise ranging from wood piles and stilts are : 3360 ± 80 and 3195 ± 70 years ago . 2 samples analyzed at the same ax and chemistry teacher - Spectroscopy at the Institute of Geology ( TTKHTN - CNQG ) said component alloy copper smelters dispensing valve is Cu + Sn + Cu + Pb + Pb and Sn .

     The Tomb of Relics ( discovered 1977) and Rach Leaves (1996 ) have the same composition and marginal swampy terrain of Phuoc Tho , a valve about 2-3 km to the east . At full grown mangrove mud beaches - this mangrove , hundreds of circular piles ( diameter of about 10-35 cm long, 1.5 to 2.5 m when the 3-4 m ) with body and head restraint on the beveled edge also plugged firmly into the bed of mud and thick accumulation of ceramic and stone breakage . Archaeologists collected in the pit at The Tomb of surveillance tools - weapons of stone ( 3 picks , 1 four plays , the last 1 piece , 2 Baseball crushing , grinding 7 goals , 4 molds ax ) and ceramics ( 1 float , 7 foot kitchen , typically containing 382 pieces ) and Rach leaves ( 3 hoes , axes 7 ​​baths , 1 chisel , grinding tables 3 , 5 and especially copper molds including two shale core network processing same stone work above ) . Rach Leaves - The Lang House and Lighthouse , Lighthouse Solar , Temple She Eight ... The Great Wall close to not only the topographical conditions of mangrove forest ecology , but also on the nature and timing of cultural formation , with piles floor samples analyzed at the Center for Nuclear HCM results C14 : 3260 ± 70 years ( Cai Lang ) and 3100 ± 60 years ( Rach La ) way today .​