The discovery phase , archaeological research in Dong Nai

​ History of the original discovery of prehistoric archeology - where the primary use is associated with the names of explorers , tourists , missionaries and European colonialists ( TVHolbe , J.Chenieux , E.Cartailhac , A.Mougeot , D.Grossin , F.Barthere , J.Repelin , Loesh.vv . ) and members of the Mission A. Pavie work in Vietnam the year 80-90 nineteenth century , the same places along the banks of Dong Nai and tributaries in the river right bank ( Brick Fireplace , Binh Da , Ben Wood , An Hung , clay pots , The Great Wall , My Island , Ben Fish , Tam Hiep Phuoc My , Phuoc Long , Le Phuoc , Long An, etc. . ) . Collecting artifacts by prehistoric most remarkable TV Holbe collected from more than 20 locations concentrated in Bien Hoa years 1886-1890 nearly 1200 artifacts include stone axes and 10 copper , has been introduced in the works of E. Hamy ( 1897 ) , by R. Verneau ( 1904), and exhibited at the 1889 Paris World's Fair . No fewer artifacts typical of the history of the first collection of Dong Nai is preserved in the museum France ( L' Homme , Toulouse , Saint Germain - en - Laye , Cernuschi ... ) or as the Institute of Vietnam history Museum ( BTLS ) in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City . Although these findings are just random with no scientific background clearly , the collection is still valuable for studying prehistoric archeology - Dong Nai and documents used throughout the Southeast .

     The next way to explore the boundaries began two centuries by the first excavations in Vietnam conducted between the Turtle on Cu Lao Dong Nai River , the city . Bien Hoa near 10 km of D. Grossin ( 1902 ) and A. Jordin ( 1910) . According to H. Fontaine (1970 ) , only islet cell provides up to 383 characters in various sizes and designs as the basis for our understanding of Neolithic ancient Bien Hoa . Similar relics in Cu Lao Turtles also find

that in this time in many parts of Dong Nai terrain , from upland red soil of marginal alluvial low domain . In the red soil hilly region of Xuan Loc in 1927 , a unique megalithic monuments were discovered accidentally unearthed by engineers and L. Bouchot ( 1927 , 1929) . Relic is a stone tomb ( dolmen ) , the Governor General of Indochina rank in the list of important historic Federal 1930 associated with many contemporary articles and then with the views different origins and chronology own vaults or both populations megalithic architecture . Overall, during the first half of this century , with many remarkable discoveries in the entire region , excavations , in substance and nature amateur absence of basic materials field . In general notions of academia France and Europe , this region exists only the Neolithic age ruins several centuries BC ( tr.CN ) and Cu Lao monuments Turtle (Vietnam ) , Som Rong Sen - Mlu Prey ( Cambodia ) is the typical appearance of the primitive culture of Southeast Ocean .

     The third stage in the development of prehistoric archeology - Dong Nai primary use began in the early 60th century , but the discovery and research workers belong to the key members of the Geological Society of Indochina : E . Saurin and F. Fontaine . The findings of the researchers have the ability to " fill " gaps in knowledge about the industry Stone Middle and Upper Pleistocene old fashioned exist in three steps shares within the scope of the Mekong River , Dong Nai ( Vietnam ) and Cambodia . Evidence that people have found the roughly 2 surface flaking tools like hand axes in the Indian style Arsenic recorded at Hang Gon Dau 6 and conventions that date back to 70-60 thousand years of Palaeothic equivalent old red mountain . Besides the old stone relics , 7 sites around the metal dolmens Hang Gon is E. Saurin discovery , which is the most important traces of copper slag and mold sandstone has confirmed the existence of copper metallurgy in indigenous cultural layer at a depth of 0.5 to 1 m of Hang Gon 1 ( or Mountain Pottery ) ( E. Saurin from 1963 to 1971) . With H. Fontaine ( 1970 to 1975 ) , a series of monuments in the Dong Nai River Basin to be explored with the collection of prehistoric artifacts is quite bulky and rare in the region . In particular , many surveys Phuoc Tan , H. Fontaine and colleagues collected 1214 stone artifacts , pottery and on that basis , has proposed the name " Tan Phuoc Culture " for the current set of known monuments in the area dating back to the frame Neolithic - Brass preliminary period .

     For the first time in Dong Nai , some relics have been dating director C14 at the research center for nuclear radiation Saclay , Gif - sur - Yvette , Monaco ( France ) , the results are as follows : 1 Hang Gon ( this way 3950 ± 250 ) , Puzzle Party ( 3040 ± 140 , 3000 ± 110 ) , Rach Nui ( 2400 ± 100 ) , Cu Lao turtles ( 2230 ± 100 ) , two important monuments temporary burial jar of iron in the early Spring Loc - Phu Hoa ( 2590 ± 290 , 2400 ± 100 ) and Hang Gon 9 ( 2300 , 2190 , 2100 ± 150 ) .

With such discoveries , according to our detection Mountain Pottery and grave vestige in coffin ceramic Xuan Loc , is the largest contribution to the history of archeology - Dong Nai application using up to this point , because that is the very important result confirms data dating back to the early appearance of bronze casting industry - wrought iron contemporary Southeast Asia .

     In general , over three centuries the small stage with search , explore , French scientists have discovered two old stone locations preliminary period , 20 sites - burial era metal and locate 30 points prehistoric artifacts in the Dong Nai river basin . Of course , the ability to study the ancient culture of Dong Nai is limited , because even with the absence of monographs on the formation and rise to cultural history - primary use of the land. Thus , we can say , until before 1975 , the study of primitive society in general and material culture in the Dong Nai River Basin in particular, as a historical phenomenon is basically not feasible . After the H. Fontaine visited sites that party in 1974 , Australian archaeologist P. Bellwood (1978 ) commented that : " The excavations at the sites of the Mekong Delta can offer very interesting results , but now can only confirm that we still know very little about the development of the Neolithic and Metal in one of the most fertile land in Southeast Asia " .

     Wednesday the discovery phase began after the liberation of South Vietnam until now . Shortly after 30-4 - 1975 the archaeologist Vietnam bodies of many researchers , in collaboration with museum staff and Dong Nai of scientific disciplines relevant steps to deploy the fieldwork program - a study systematically the land that the early exploration efforts primarily toward the era Palaeothic in Dong Nai . As a result the ruins Hang Gon Dau 6 and 2 were tested several times and relics points with technical characteristics of the old stones were also recorded in the province of Xuan Loc - Long Khanh ( Cam Injection , Nui Dat , excoriation , Loc Binh , Binh Xuan ) , at Thong Nhat ( or open reading Gia Tan 2 ) , in Tan Phu ( Phu Quy ) . The existence of a culture Palaeothic being further scientific review , search and confirmed , besides, the first traces of the transition period the old stone - Neolithic and Stone newly recorded in strata belonging 7B Hang Gon Xuan Loc - Long Khanh timber or in the ground end ( Eternal ) with clear imprints of process engineering conglomerate ( galets amenages ) signaling potential of Archaeology school era hidden in Dong Nai ground from thousands of years ago .

     Discover impressive taking into account the way in this research is in the area of Dong Nai relics related to age metal . The monuments such as Mount Ceramic , stone wood , Hung Thinh Xuan Binh , Hill Jackfruit , Mango Hill , Phu Hoa , Go Me , nacelles , Centipede Springs , Tri An Reservoir , Dai An , Quan Trang , Cai Lang , Rach leaves etc. .. With a series of excavations in the ruins as helped provide collections of reference benchmark for the accidental discovery in the past, set the basis for the entire system from the physical material hundreds of sites in the same era and clearly confirm the stage of development of indigenous cultural traditions throughout the second millennium tr.CN. Next came the excavations carried out in the ruins Iron Bridge (1976 ) , Stream Spirit (1985 ) , Rach Nui (1977 ) , An Son (1977 , 1997) , that party (1978 , 1997) , Binh Da ( 1979.1993 ) , The Wall (1978 , 1996) , Doc Chua (1976 , 1977 , 1979) , Bung Silver (1986 , 1994) , Bung Thom (1997 ) , Spring Selection ( 1978, 1979) , Hang Gon 7B ( 1996), etc. .. and detection - being investigated - excavation , research locations of Dong Nai culture , along with two prehistoric collection - primary use is recognized in Vietnam ( travel and outdoor residence on the floor, burial ground , burial jar you , tomb stones , craft workshops and multidisciplinary applications , warehouses , kitchens primitive community activities , etc. .. ) are the scientific basis for the study of metal era in Dong Nai .

     Owner 's authentic culture of Dong Nai are identified through the ancient bones , particularly the skull remains , found in the story of the cultural relics ( Anshan Go Rach Forest , Loc Giang ) , or in some grave goods ( arms - jewelry - hunting utensils , precious stones or terracotta ) outside or inside the ceramic jars you like Xuan Loc forest where the marginal probability ( Giong Phet , Giong Ca Vo ) . Although it has been suggested that the composition of their humanity through some type of evaluation measure Mongoloid , or " caveman " ( similar Melanesien ) or Indonesien , but , on issues still need to have the discussion and exchange further .

     The scientific meetings and activities of the museum exhibits , the research program of the provincial and the collaborative excavations - research - evaluation - has announced record every step up of Archaeology history - Dong Nai primary use . The monograph , Ph.D. thesis scientific history of the cultural area of Dong Nai , Dong Nai on st . Ho Chi Minh City ( Le Xuan Diem cb.1991 ; Dang Van Thang , 1992) , the complex system of cultural history - Dong Nai primary use ( Pham Duc Manh 1991) , about a particular stage of development ( Bui Chi Hoang 1994 ) , on a particular craft ( Nguyen Giang Hai 1997) or on a specific type of monument ( Nguyen Thi Hau 1997) was successfully defended in the city . Ho Chi Minh City , Hanoi and Leningrad . The monograph on the monument - represents relics of the Dong Nai culture has been announced . The analysis of rock samples , copper , pottery and pollen spores in the natural scientific method implemented in many scientific institutions in Vietnam ( Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City . , Ho Chi Minh City ) and abroad ( Moscow , Baku , Tokyo ) . The assessment results are received from the C14 analytical laboratory for nuclear radiation in the city . Ho Chi Minh City , Beijing , Berlin and Leningrad : Binh Da ( 3180 ± 50 ) , Anshan ( 2885 ± 60 , 2775 ± 50 ) , Doc Chua ( 2990 ± 105 ) , after adjustment according to tree ring samples for dating ( 3145 ± 130 - Beijing , 2495 ± 50 - Berlin ) , Bung Silver ( 3080 , 3010 , 2770 , 2640 , 2310 ± 40 - Leningrad , 2570 ± 100 , 2450 , 2376 ± 40 , 2505 ± 55 , 2470 ± 70 - TP . , Ho Chi Minh City ) , Loc Giang ( 3950 ± 75 , 1490 ± 50 ) ; vocals Vo ( 2480 ± 50 ) , The Wall ( 3360 ± 80 , 3195 ± 70 ) , The Tomb ( 3260 ± 70 ) ; Rach leaves ( 3100 ± 60 ) , Hang Gon 7B ( 2720 , 2590 , 2570 , 2220 ± 50 ) and Phu Chanh ( 2100 ± 40 ) .

     All excavation results - research - a new proven expertise in the real presence here a tradition of cultural history - use separate preliminary increasingly scientists nicknamed the river of blood vessels basin : " culture of Dong Nai " or " cultural Dong Nai complex " and contains all alternative names : " Phuoc Tan " , " wharf " , " Cu Lao Turtle " , " Iron Bridge " , " Rach mountain " , " vertical " , " Phu Hoa " , " Giong Phet " ( or " Gio " ) of the past. It also is the source of raw material basis of economic research and take turns in cultural exchanges and convergence - crystallized to form identity with the social ethos of ancient Dong Nai - it is not be recognized before 1975 . In understanding the current situation , can have a picture history - history Dong Nai profile presence more credible traces of human activity from the early to the early old stone Neolithic . The formation and development of a cultural center - the digital native metal as a phenomenon unique historical characteristics on all the most basic partitions : Basalt hilly red soil of the elevation , delta downstream and coastal forests and wetlands Isaac marginal . While the need and had the necessary and sufficient conditions for complex positioning primitive culture unique from dawn historic moment pass " threshold " of civilization , in flat space and in time time , gradually illuminates the mysteries of the past history of Dong Nai .

Source : Dong Nai Publishing Synthesis , 2001